Uro-Oncology is a specialized branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of cancers affecting the urinary system and the male reproductive organs. This includes cancers of the kidney, bladder, prostate, testicles, urethra, and penis.

It combines the expertise of urology (which deals with urinary tract health and male reproductive organs) and oncology (which deals with cancer care). Uro-oncologists are trained to manage both surgical and non-surgical treatments, using advanced techniques such as robotic surgery, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, depending on the type and stage of cancer.

Symptoms may vary depending on the cancer type but can include:

• Blood in urine

• Painful urination

• Frequent urination

• Lower back or abdominal pain

• Swelling in the scrotum

• Difficulty in urinating

• Unexplained weight loss or fatigue

Yes, urogynecologists do perform surgery.

A urogynecologist is a medical specialist who focuses on treating women with pelvic floor disorders, which can include issues like urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and overactive bladder. When non-surgical treatments such as medications, pelvic floor therapy, or lifestyle changes are not effective, urogynecologists often recommend and perform surgical procedures.

A urologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to the urinary tract in both men and women, as well as the male reproductive system. This includes conditions such as:

• Kidney stones

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

• Enlarged prostate (BPH)

• Erectile dysfunction

• Male infertility

• Incontinence

• Bladder issues

Urologists handle both medical and surgical management of these conditions.

Uro-Oncologist

A uro-oncologist is a subspecialist within urology who focuses specifically on cancers affecting the urinary and male reproductive systems. They undergo additional training to treat:

• Prostate cancer

• Kidney cancer

• Bladder cancer

• Testicular cancer

• Penile and urethral cancers

Uro-oncologists are highly experienced in oncologic surgeries, including complex or minimally invasive procedures (like robotic prostatectomy or nephrectomy), and often work closely with medical oncologists and radiation oncologists as part of a multidisciplinary cancer care team.

A urogynecologist is a specialist who focuses on diagnosing and treating pelvic floor disorders in women. These conditions affect the muscles, ligaments, and connective tissues that support the bladder, uterus, vagina, and rectum.

Here are the main conditions a urogynecologist treats:

1. Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)

Occurs when pelvic organs (like the bladder, uterus, or rectum) drop from their normal position and bulge into the vagina. Types include:

• Cystocele (bladder prolapse)

• Rectocele (rectal prolapse)

• Uterine prolapse

• Vaginal vault prolapse (after hysterectomy)

2. Urinary Incontinence

Involuntary leakage of urine. Types include:

• Stress incontinence (leakage with coughing, sneezing, or lifting)

• Urge incontinence (sudden, strong urge to urinate)

• Mixed incontinence (combination of both)

3. Fecal Incontinence

Loss of control over bowel movements, leading to accidental leakage of stool.

4. Overactive Bladder (OAB)

A condition characterized by sudden urges to urinate, frequent urination, and sometimes incontinence, even when the bladder isn’t full.

5. Chronic Pelvic Pain or Pressure

Persistent pelvic discomfort that may be related to pelvic floor dysfunction or nerve issues.

6. Painful Bladder Syndrome / Interstitial Cystitis

Chronic bladder pain and urinary frequency without infection.

7. Fistulas

Abnormal openings between pelvic organs (e.g., between the bladder and vagina), usually due to childbirth trauma, surgery, or injury.

8. Complications from Previous Pelvic Surgeries

Including mesh complications, vaginal scarring, or chronic pelvic pain after prolapse or incontinence surgery.